Hodgkin’s Disease
of the Lungs
Hodgkin’s Disease
of the Lungs
©
William Herring, MD, FACR
Hodgkin’s Disease
General Appearance
50% have mediastinal lymph node
enlargement visible on chest x-ray
5-10% may have mediastinal adenopathy
without any other nodes involved
Hodgkin’s Disease
Clinically, over 90% have enlarged nodes
Disease behaves most benignly when restricted
to neck
Hodgkin’s more common to involve lung
than Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Disease
Patterns of Disease
Adenopathy
Parenchymal disease
Consolidation
Nodules
Atelectasis
Lymphangitic spread
Pleural effusion
Hodgkin’s Disease
Adenopathy
Anterior mediastinal nodes commonly
involved
Paratracheal and para-aortic most common
Then hilar and subcarinal nodes
Hilar adenopathy usually bilateral but
asymmetric
Internal mammary and posterior
mediastinal nodes rare
Mediastinal adenopathy
Mediastinal adenopathy
Hodgkin’s Disease
Parenchymal Involvement
Parenchymal involvement in 1/3
Almost all have associated hilar or
mediastinal adenopathy
Except in recurrent disease
When unilateral, ipsilateral hilar adenopathy
Most have nodular sclerosing type
Parenchymal involvement in Hodgkin’s
Disease
Hodgkin’s Disease
Consolidation
Most commonly involves lung by direct
extension from hila
Air bronchograms frequently present
DDX: Alveolar cell ca and sarcoid
Parenchymal lymphoma with air
bronchograms
Hodgkin’s Disease
Nodules
Less dense and less defined than BrCa
Usually single or few in number
Hodgkin’s Disease
Atelectasis
Very uncommon
Almost always due to an endobronchial
lesion
Rarely by compression
Hodgkin’s Disease
Pleural Disease
About 1/3 have pleural effusions
Usually does not contain malignant cells
Massive mediastinal adenopathy and
bilateral pleural effusions (yellow arrows)
Hodgkin’s Disease
Lymphangitic Spread
Least common parenchymal manifestation
Other causes should be sought
CHF
Allergic reaction
Infection
Hodgkin’s Disease
Prognosis
Mediastinal node enlargement worsens
prognosis but only minimally
Diffuse lung involvement carries grave
prognosis
Hodgkin’s Disease
X-Ray Therapy
Thoracic XRT portal is called “mantel”
because of T shape to cover
supraclavicular and mediastinal nodes
Lymphoma is radiosensitive
Tumors frequently begin to show reduction in
size almost at once
May calcify after radiation therapy
Calcification in treated anterior mediastinal
lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s Disease
Stage I and Stage II
Hodgkin’s Disease
Stage III and Stage IV
Hodgkin’s Disease
Asymptomatic vs. Symptomatic
Hodgkin’s vs. Sarcoid
Hodgkin’s vs. Sarcoid
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
(NHL) of the Lungs
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
(NHL) of the Lungs
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Primary NHL of the lungs is rare
Less than .4% of all lymphomas
Equal in males and females
Median age 55 years
May be identical to pseudolymphoma
according to many authors
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Pathological
Divided into small cell lymphoma
More common
More often have pulmonary disease
Large cell (histiocytic) type
More often have hilar and mediastinal nodes
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
X-Ray Patterns
Reticulonodular
Most common form of NHL-looks like
lymphangitic carcinoma
Nodular
Usually multiple and large
Almost never cavitate
Parenchymal consolidation
“Mass” with air bronchogram (DDX:
Alveolar cell ca, sarcoid)
Miliary pattern
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
X-Ray
Predilection to cross fissures
Masses tend to undergo extremely rapid
change in size mimicking pneumonia
Effusions in fewer than a third (less than
Hodgkin’s) and usually late in disease
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Prognosis
Small cell lymphoma has good prognosis
Large cell lymphoma has worse prognosis
Castleman’s Disease
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia
Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia
Castleman’s Disease
Rare
Occurs in young adults
Two pathologic types
Hyaline vascular type
More common
Plasma cell type
Castleman’s Disease
Solitary mass of nodes usually in middle
or posterior mediastinum
May be hypervascular on angio or
contrast enhanced CT
Good prognosis
Solitary mass of nodes in Castleman’s Disease
The End